Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Place - Essay Example I think just about everyone would agree that the beach is a relaxing place to be. The water rolls up endlessly, reminding us that no matter what we do, it really doesn’t matter all that much. The sound of the waves tends to wash out the sounds of endless worries we all have as we go through our days – did I do my laundry, what time is my next class, I’ve got to study for my final! All that gets buried under the sands that will pile up over your feet as you stand at the edge of the icy cold water and watch the unchanging horizon. Birds circle overhead in their endless dance for survival and all you can do is watch them and wonder at the aerobatic feats they perform. Or maybe you watch the tiny sandpipers as they run back and forth in the wake of the waves, moving their little legs so fast they are but a blur, and you think how happy you are to just be standing still. The winter beach is cold, of course, but this offers its own form of comfort. It begins with your clothing, which is layered and bulky, soft and warm against your skin. This makes a strong contrast to the cold of the water and the chill of the wet wind coming off the sea, which makes you notice it all the more. While the wind may have come from far away, you can be comforted in knowing either that you are close to home or that you have the freedom to explore new places just as the wind does. To keep from getting too cold, you can build a bonfire, or maybe just a small campfire. Staring into the flames in a place where wind, water, earth and fire are all brought together puts you in touch with the elements and again, the petty concerns of daily life drop away. If anyone else is on the beach, they are likely to come over and say hi and share the warmth of your fire with you, adding another kind of warmth to the experience. The last element of the winter beach that can’t be matched in the summer is the release

Physics in sports Essay Example for Free

Physics in sports Essay When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesnt always come to mind. They usually dont think about connecting athletics with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. Athletics and sports are made by the people who play, watch, and study them. Without all of the enthusiastic participants, there would be no development, education, and intensity that we all know and love about sports. The one component that reigns over the world of sports that most people dont realize is physics, Gravity, uniform circular motion, projectile motion, and constant acceleration are a few that occur in every sport event that has ever taken place. In the three articles that I chose to write about the concepts of physics are explained in each one. In every article there is the similarity that physics and technology are the reasons for the advances in the sports. In the first article it is evident by the statement, High-tech bats have so enhanced players power that some leagues have taken to limiting the number of home runs a team can hit. (Jay Greene 2,3) Even in the second article with the statement, The higher we can get the COR, the faster the ball would shoot off from the collision ? it would go further. (Coefficient of Restitution 2,1) Lastly in the third article when the author stated, Clearly, pole-vaulting is an example of a sport in which technology has been used to improve athletic performance. (The Physics of pole-vaulting ) Without physics these technological advances could not be made. Although these technological advances dont come without some issues attached. With the new technology of the carbon and fiberglass bats, questions can be asked like, is there a point where advancements have gone too far? If bats are continuing to be modified and made to hit the ball farther, what will happen to the game of baseball? Already some bats are being banned from leagues and players feel they have to take more safety precautions because of the potential injury from the ball speed. I really believe that the bat industry will continue to thrive. As long as there are people out there willing to spend 300 dollars on an illegal bat there is money to be made. As for the golf industry there is the issue of everybody wanting to hit the ball farther, and the golf companies keep putting out new clubs that allow this to be possible. So I really think that the golf companies will continue to hover around the upper limit COR of . 83 for drivers because there is still a really high demand for drivers that hit the ball a long way. For pole-vaulting I see no issue in the near future. It will be exciting to see the new advances made to the poles and to see how high the athletes can get. As for the new sciences in the three articles I really learned a lot. I learned what the trampoline effect was and how it ties into more than just one sport. I learned what the coefficient of restitution was and how it affects the flight of a golf ball. I also learned what strain energy was and how it applies to stored energy. But most importantly I think, is that I learned that without the understanding of physics none of these sports would be organized or be able to make the advances that it has over the years. When it comes down to it everybody is affected by physics in sports. If there are rules and regulations put on products then the producers are affected greatly. The consumers are always affected by what the producers put out for them to have. If they are educated on the physics of the sport then they can make the best possible decision when it comes to picking a product. This also affects scientists; its their jobs to find ways to make the product better, in any way possible by using physics. Lastly if you are just a fan of sports it is more exciting to see the best possible entertainment, and the new technology allows for this. Looking at physics in sports and who is affected by it, its obvious to see that there is a cycle. All of the groups are linked together in one way or another. With the new technology that physics in sports allows, there are many ways that the physical science can be utilized by todays society. Giving a specific example, Baseball is Americas favorite pastime. The studies that are being done on the physics involved in baseball can greatly help the players and thus create a better sport for people to go out and watch. Baseball is a large part of our society, just like any other sport. And the knowledge of the physics involved can help make it a better sport. Staying with baseball, physical science could be utilized by the players if they study the pitcher and see if he gives certain hints that could give away what type of pitch he is throwing such as facial expressions or body movements. This would allow them more time to begin the swing and concentrate more on where the ball might end up instead of what type of pitch is coming. In general though athletes could utilize physical science. While many athletes already know how to fling a baseball, the information could be utilized to make better bats that have a larger sweet spot and also break less. Society in general could benefit because almost all things are flexible and thus have waves and vibrations. This information could be used to make roads and bridges sturdier. On the other hand though it is possible that physical science could affect society in a negative way. If scientists continue to develop new products and technology pretty soon some the world will be run by electronics and gadgets. People could lose their jobs to robots and sports would lose its competitiveness because the technology would be so advanced everybody would have and edge and skill would not shine through. All that is a stretch though, in general I believe that physical science is great for the community and there are many positive ways it can be used by todays society, not only in sports but also in everyday life. In the future I truly see all of the industries discussed in my articles thriving. There is such a high demand for sports and people trying to get any competitive advantage possible that the future looks bright. The baseball bat industry in the long run wont suffer from the new stipulation put on some of their products. Consumers will continue to buy the new bats that the bat companies put out no matter how high-tech they get. As for the golf industry I believe that it will continue to flourish even with the coefficient of restitution controversy. I dont think the USGA will budge on the . 83 upper limit for the COR of a driver on the PGA Tour but manufacturers will find a way to continue to put out new products that hit.

White Oleander :: essays research papers

White Oleander: Book vs. Movie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like with most books that are made into movies, this was definitely a disappointment. I have always found that books can tell much better stories than what you see on screen, this was no different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie easily cut out very important parts of the story. The beginning of the book is so important because you really get the feel for the weird mother-daughter relationship between Astrid and her Mother. In the movie you only get to see a small portion of how Astrid’s Mother treats her. Also, in the movie they do not tell the whole story about Astrid’s Mother and the man that she murdered. I could go on and on listing the many things that we left out that are so important to the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The actors in the movie were incredibly in sync with the characters portray ed in the book. They made the perfect matches of the innocent Astrid who has to grow up so quickly. Her Mother who is so beautiful, strong willed, and has such a whimsical, unreal sense to her. When I think of the characters in the book I can definitely picture the actors in the movie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hardships that Astrid came upon were in to way reflected as they should have been in the movie. There are so many events and people that influenced Astrid to do the things and make the decisions that she did and they were completely left out of the movie. It is kind of hard to understand why Astrid resents her Mother they way she does if you do not know the whole story of the hardships that her Mother put her through by being selfish and not thinking of what would happen to Astrid if she got caught the way she did.

The Case Of A Complaining Customer – Executive Summary

The new computer system has been installed to provide easy, convenient and time saving services to customers, however it appears that Presto Cleaners may have caused unnecessary unhappy and complaining customers by imply not following a few simple steps, such as making sure their staff was trained appropriately, had tested the system and provided themselves with a backup plan. As a result of this the company now have a unhappy customer who's demanding compensation and need to take appropriate action in whichever way the operations manager feels appropriate to resolve the situation, and what is most beneficial for their company.Why Is Mr. Shelton upset? What should be done toreadors his complaint? On 28 July Mr. Shelton drops off Hess laundry to Preston cleaners. A new computer yester was introduced to him and he was requested to fill out a card, detailing special requirements or services required. A ID number was also request by presto cleaners and also for the customer to purchase a special bag to drop of Hess laundry. Using the new system, Mr. Shelton would now simply just drop of Hess laundry at the store and return to pay, hassle free apparently. Unfortunately when the customer returned to collect Hess clothes he found them to be missing.He felt the old system was quicker and easier and he wasn't happy with the new service and also very angry that Hess clothes was missing. Mr. Shelton was missing 4 shirts, 2 blouses, 1 suit and 1 skirt. Mr. Shelton complains firstly in the store personally and then contacts the store when he hears no information about Hess clothes. He struggles to communicate with anyone at presto cleaners and leaves several voice mails for the company president compensation in the form of full refund for the cleaning, full refund for 4 shirts that he purchases after the laundry goes missing and a full apology.Mr. Shelton clothes have been given to another customer and the only solution the store have is to wait and hopefully the clothes wi ll be returned. Mr. Shelton is very angry and frustrated. As the mistake has been made by presto cleaners they should take full responsibility. The response the customer should have received is being apologized to but the floor staff upon realization that the store had lost the clothes. An empathetic attitude should be shown to him at all times and he has been inconvenience and let down.The customers calls should have been responded to as ignoring him only aggravates him worse, and communicating with the customer keeping him informed of progress even if none.. The store should be checked for the missing items and customers who dad collections on the same day be contacted if possible. An apology should be made to the customer, and a refund for the cleaning service offered. A comprehensive quality improvement upland for Presto Cleaners. Based on the information presented in this case, a massive improvement on their survive quality is necessary. Presto Cleaners thrives to offer custome rs a competitive privet high quality reliable service. ‘ Goal 1: Set up a continuous improvement program, develop a TTS. Goal 2: Refer to theorists to help develop business plans. Trucker's Theory of Business – in brief Trucker characterizes the assumptions that comprise an organization's Theory of Business by stating:†These assumptions are about markets. They are about identifying customers and competitors, their values and behavior. They are about technology and its dynamics, about a company's strengths and weaknesses. These assumptions are about what a company gets paid for.Management to take refresher course in operations and customer service management Goal 5: Company needs to provide total quality management, At its core, total quality management (TTS) is a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. In a TTS effort, all members of an organization participate in improving processes, products, services, and the culture in which the y work. The methods for implementing this approach come from the teachings of such quality leaders as Philip B. Crosby, W. Edwards Deeming, Armband V. Figment, Koru Chickasaws, and Joseph M. Curran.Total quality management can be summarized as a management system for a customer-focused organization that involves all employees in continual improvement. It uses strategy, data, and effective communications to integrate the quality discipline onto the culture and activities of the organization. The Primary Elements of TTS are: Customer-focused Total employee involvement Process-centered Integrated system Strategic and systematic approach Continual improvement Fact-based decision making Communications Goal 6: Customer satisfaction and loyalty lead to profit and growth, feedback system to be brought in.

Current Issues in Motivation Essay

Motivating a Diverse Workforce –Flexibility is the key to motivating a diverse workforce †¢ Diverse array of rewards necessary to satisfy diverse personal needs and goals. Flexible Working Schedule †¢ compressed workweek – employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week. †¢ Flexible work hours (flextime) – employees required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits – System entails common core hours when all employees are required to be on the job – Starting, ending, and lunch-hour times are flexible †¢ Job sharing – two or more people split a full-time job †¢ Telecommuting – employees work at home and are linked to the workplace by computer and modem. – Cultural Differences in Motivation †¢ Motivation theories developed in the U.S. and validated with American workers †¢ may be some cross-cultural consistencies Pay-for-Performance – Instead of paying for time on the job, pay is adjusted to reflect some performance measure – Compatible with expectancy theory †¢ imparts strong performance-reward linkage – Programs are gaining in popularity †¢ Research suggests that programs affect performance. Open-Book Management – involve employees in workplace decisions by opening up the financial statements – Workers treated as business partners – get workers to think like an owner – may also provide bonuses based on profit improvements Motivating the â€Å"New Workforce† – Motivating Professionals – professionals tend to derive intrinsic satisfaction from their work and receive high pay †¢ More loyal to their profession than their employer †¢ value challenging jobs and support for their work Motivating Contingent Workers – part-time, contract, or temporary workers †¢ Less security and stability than permanent employees – receive fewer benefits †¢ display little identification or commitment to their employers †¢ Hard to motivate contingent workers – Opportunity to become a permanent employee – Opportunity for training †¢ Repercussions of mixing permanent and contingent workers when pay differentials are significant Motivating Low-Skilled, Minimum-Wage Employees †¢ Difficult challenge to keep performance levels high †¢ Employee recognition programs – highlight employees whose work performance has been good – encourage others to perform better – Power of praise †¢ In service industries, empower front-line employees to address customers’ problems – tie compensation to customer satisfaction

The Odyssey Odysseus Journey Essays

The Odyssey Odysseus Journey Essays The Odyssey Odysseus Journey Paper The Odyssey Odysseus Journey Paper Essay Topic: The Odyssey The Odyssey In Homer’s The Odyssey, Great Odysseus, King of Ithaca, struggles to get home to his wife and kingship for over 20 years. During his absence, suitors try taking the throne of King Odysseus and stealing his wife, Penelope. Throughout his journey, Great Odysseus encounters Circe’s island, the island of Calypso, the island of Polyphemus, and Poseidon’s torture at sea, that slow down his journey getting home; but these moments show his heroism. The first island he encounters is home of the goddess, Circe. Odysseus and his men stop at this island in hope for direction to Ithaca. At this island Odysseus’s men are drugged and turn into pigs. Odysseus does not turn into a pig, because of a drug he obtained from Hermes. Circe sees that Odysseus does not turn into a pig and is shocked. Her excitement shows in (10. 362-366); â€Å"I’m wonderstruck- you drank my drugs, you’re not bewitched! Never has any other man withstood my potion, never, once it’s past his lips and he has drunk it down. † Circe respects Odysseus and invites him to sleep with her. Great Odysseus, being the suave man he is, accepts the invitation under the condition of his crewmembers to be turned back into humans. A year passes by and Odysseus’ men decide that it is time to leave Circe and continue on home. Odysseus has been Circe’s lover for that whole year. (10. 517-522), â€Å"But then, when the year was gone and the seasons wheeled by and the months waned the long days came round again, my loyal comrades took me aside and prodded, ‘Captain, this is madness! High time you thought of your own home at last, if it really is your fate to make it back alive and reach your well-built house and native land. † The son of Laertes can be the one to be blamed. He and his crew stayed on this island, because of Odysseus sleeping with the goddess. He does not think about going home right away. He does not use right judgment. Odysseus’ next moment is at Calypso’s island. Calypso is a lustrous goddess and like Circe, she is in love with Odysseus. Great Odysseus once again becomes the lover of this goddess as well. Hermes is sent to Calypso and demands her to let Odysseus leave this island. However, Calypso gets mad at Hermes, because Hermes tells her she can’t lie with a mortal like Odysseus, but the mortals can. Odysseus spends seven years with Calypso on her island. In Book 5, when Odysseus tells Calypso he is leaving soon, one can see that Calypso and Odysseus were lovers, (5. 248-251), â€Å" Even as he spoke the sun set and the darkness swept the earth. And now, withdrawing into cavern’s deep recesses, long in each other’s arms they lost themselves in love. â€Å" Great Odysseus, again is the person to blame for this moment. Sleeping with another goddess extends the journey once more. The last moment is a mixture. Odysseus takes longer to get home by stopping at multiple islands. He stays at different islands, but not for a long time. One of the important islands he stays at, is the island of Polyphemus, the one-eyed monster. The man of twists and turns escapes the island by stabbing Polyphemus in the eye. (9. 559-662) If any man on the face of the earth should ask you who blinded you, shamed you so-say Odysseus, raider of cities, he gouged out your eye, Laertes’ son who makes his home in Ithaca! † After leaving the island of Polyphemus, the crew battles Poseidon, who always tries to get rid of Odysseus or make him shipwreck most of the time. Poseidon plays a big part in Odysseus’ long journey. Because of Poseidon, Odysseus and his men had to stop at numerous places. The last place Odysseus visits is Scheria, the land of the Phaeacians. Odysseus is not to be seen as the blame of this event. He shows his hubris by stabbing the Cyclops in the eye in order to escape. The blame in this event is Polyphemus and Poseidon. Polyphemus keeps Odysseus and his crew captive. Poseidon slows Odysseus’ journey by torturing him at sea, by shipwrecking them and making them stop at an island. These examples of Odysseus’ journey show Odysseus’ heroism. Beginning with the battle at Troy, it takes Odysseus a total of 20 years of traveling to finally get home. Odysseus faces an army, gods, and goddesses, and still returns home. He stays alive in a war that has been lasting for 10 years. Great Odysseus is a hero from that war. After the war, Odysseus lives while dealing with the punishments of Poseidon and goddesses, such as Circe and Calypso. His heroism is clearly seen throw his brave actions such as: stabbing Calypso in the eye. The most important event of his heroism being shown is when he does return to Ithaca. This shows that he has overcame his ourney and took back what is his, like a real hero should do. The war Odysseus faces, the gods he’s overcome and the islands he’s gotten away from, is an act of heroism. At the island of Circe, Odysseus struggled to leave under the influence of a goddess. Lustrous Calypso is a goddess who is temptatious and deceiving to the eye, Odysseus shows his strength by getting away fr om the goddess and remembering whom he is completing this journey for. The Odyssey is a legendary story that displays a man completing a journey that readers admire as heroic and extraordinary.

Nation States & Globalization essays

Nation States & Globalization essays Are multinational companies really taking power away from nation states in some sweeping processes of globalisation? The implications for the ability of nation states to exercise political and economic control over this trans-national economy are clear, they would be at the mercy of automated and uncontrollable, because global, market forces. www.workerspower.com It is a widespread belief, illustrated by the above quotation, that the process of globalisation is eroding the power and autonomy of nation states. According to this viewpoint multi-national companies, as trans-national organisations, are becoming more powerful than nation states, and as such are able, not only to defy them, but actually take at least some of their power away from them. Any investigation of this area must first start with a proper definition of globalisation, and ask the question whether globalisation is, as is often claimed, a new phenomenon. It must be born in mind that, in the words of Bradley, the significance of economic, social and cultural intercourse across and beyond the boundaries of individual states has long been recognised. (Bradley, 2000, p13). Economic activity has been conducted on an international basis for centuries. Profits from the Atlantic slave trade were crucial to the way in which capitalism developed in Western Europe. The American tobacco growing industry was crucial to Britains economy in the eighteenth century. Many of the old sandstone buildings in the West End of Glasgow were built with money made by capitalists operating in the American tobacco trade. Many commercial enterprises in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries operated out-with national boundaries. In fact the notion of a modern world system of economic activity on an international basis is as old as the fifteenth century. (Bradley, 2000, p14). So what is new or special about globalisati...

The Value of Fiction - The uses of fiction in bringing history to life

The Value of Fiction - The uses of fiction in bringing history to life We history buffs are a rare breed. Happy are the hours we spend poring through pages of dusty old books, wandering through museums full of armor and tapestries, and deciphering forgotten languages in primary sources. Those who have never been bitten by the history bug find it hard to understand what attracts us until they are bitten themselves. There are many different ways history lovers have been drawn into the fascinating world of the past, but perhaps the most common is through a good story. The moment we begin viewing history as stories about real human beings with human motivations instead of mere dates, places and statistics, history can take on a whole new luster. Period literature can help bring the past alive with an epic tale, and so can modern historical fiction. If you are a history buff hoping to get a friend to share your passion for the past, or if you are new to history as a hobby and are trying to understand what others see in it, the best introduction may very well be a historical novel or film. Entertainment has ways of opening the mind to ideas that even the friendliest or most erudite of straight historical texts can never hope to achieve. It helps, of course, when the book is well-written or the film well-directed, and unfortunately historical fiction, just like any other genre, has many more mediocre examples than it does splendid ones. Yet once you find a truly excellent piece of historical fiction, the results can be highly rewarding. However, the trouble with getting your history from fiction is that its, well, fiction. This may seem excruciatingly obvious, but its surprising how many intelligent, educated, well-read individuals take what they read in a historical novel or see in a period film as fact. The Trouble with Fiction When done really well, fiction leaves its audience thinking they know what the medieval world was really like. If the work is accurate, thats wonderful; but alas, novels and films have been known to present a skewed version of events and to perpetuate common misconceptions about the Middle Ages. Of course, most readers realize that much of the dialogue and the private moments of real historical figures that are captured in text or on film are only speculation. They may be aware on some level that events are open to interpretation, and that what they read or see is just one of many versions of what might have happened. Yet even readers who are acutely aware of these facets of historical fiction often ignore any question of accuracy concerning general historical background, settings and costumes, and the details of daily life, accepting as given that this much, at any rate, is authentic. This may be the most dangerous pitfall of using fiction as a doorway to the past. In order to enjoy the experience of fiction, we can (and should) suspend disbelief, and suspend as well any analysis of its veracity as history while reading the story or watching the film. But once you close the book or leave the theater, its time to think again. Even the most carefully-researched historical novel can contain errors of fact, and the sad truth is that many such novels arent carefully researched to begin with. Unlike a historian writing a scholarly treatise, novelists dont have to support every assertion with documentary, archaeological or even secondary evidence in order to get their work published;* they just have to write a good story. And films are so notorious for lacking accuracy that some moviegoers take particular delight in counting the mistakes. Furthermore, scholarly views of the medieval world are constantly evolving; what was considered a fairly accurate picture of the Middle Ages in, for example, the 1970s may be rendered much less authentic by the research and new evidence uncovered in the last few decades. You will sometimes find authors standing on the shoulders of earlier writers and passing along the erroneous or outdated details of their predecessors, with very few readers ever the wiser. Evaluating Fiction Fortunately, historical fiction doesnt always misrepresent the past. There is excellent fiction available, works that bring the Middle Ages to life in a wealth of accurate detail (and tell a good story, too). And more and more, modern historical novelists are making serious efforts to provide an accurate version of medieval times. But how do you know how much of whats presented in fiction is true to life? Do you take the word of the blurb on the back cover? Can film reviewers really tell you when a picture of the past is realistic? Theres only one way to know for sure: find out for yourself. Pick up a factual history book, visit some websites, go to a museum, join a discussion list, and start your journey into the fascinating world of historical discovery. If fiction is the trigger that launches you into the past, its value cannot be denied. Review a Medieval NovelShare your thoughts on a medieval-set historical novel good or bad at this review page. Note *Unfortunately, the same could be said of much popular history that gets published, as well. Guide Note: This feature was originally posted in May of 2000, and was updated in August of 2010.

Genetic Drift and the Founder Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genetic Drift and the Founder Effect - Essay Example This reduces variation in genetic characteristics with reduction in population size but retains the developed genetic frequencies as the population grows (Shulka, 2009). An example of the bottleneck effect is the case of white elephants that were protected from extinction. The resultant thousands of the species that originated from about 20 animals exhibits â€Å"no variations in 24 proteins† that significantly varied in the originally large population (Russel, Hertz and McMillan, 2011, p. 440). The founder effect, however, is characterized by movement of a small section of a population to a different locality. The reduced population leads to convergent traits that are retained within an internally growing population (Jurmain, Kilgore and Trevathan, 2008). An example is the â€Å"Old Order Amish of Lancaster County,† a small community that originated from a trio of immigrants. The emergent community however developed a convergent high frequency of â€Å"Ellis-van Creveld syndrome† leading to higher frequency and more significant dwarfism as compared to the original population (Russel, Hertz and McMillan, 2011, p.

Seisin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seisin - Essay Example This enabled different people to access seized property while away in pilgrimage or crusade, without necessarily having the idea of the right of ownership (Harold p 313). In chapter 2, according to Magna Carta, the legal concept of seisin of barons or earls in the chief by the military service, at the time of death owes relief. The notion of seisin inheritance develops by the old shelter from which the heirs of a Knight owes less according to ancient custom fees on seisin land. Moreover, in chapter 4, the guardian of the seisin land, takes reasonable customs, services and produce from the heir of the earth (Batten p 104). In contrast, destruction or waste of goods and men, committed toward ship of the lands and any other minor to the sheriff responsible for issues, determines two discreet men of fee. Besides, the sale of wardship of land to anyone that makes destruction or waste losses wardship and the land transferred to lawful and discreet men of a fief. According to Chapter 12, the legal concept of seisin does not impose on any kingdom, unless directed by a joint council of the kingdom. However, the difference develops for individual cases such as ransoming, that makes the eldest son in the country a knight. The marrying of the eldest daughter in the country levies a reasonable aid in different cities such as London. Chapter 16, allows anyone to enjoy the benefits of seisin, and no one distrains the chance of greater service for knight’s fee in seisin land (Edgeworth, Brendan, Neave & Ronald p 267). In Magna Carta, chapter 18, the inquest of novel disseizing and darrein presentment does not hold anywhere than their own county courts, in solving cases based on seisin (Makdisi p 29). These forces were chief justifies sending two justifiers in every county four times a year. The justifies with four knights of the county chosen by the county hold assizes in the county court in the place of meeting within the court. Chapter 39

Towards a Virtuous Surveillance Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Towards a Virtuous Surveillance Society - Essay Example The present government will, for example, be interested in the impact on social exclusion and on the modernizing government agenda. They may also question the potential offered for addressing the 'wicked issues' that transcend departmental boundaries. They will almost certainly be interested in costs and the potential for savings. They will be aware of the issues surrounding openness and security. They should have regard for the impact of the electronic services on democratic structures. In spite of potential benefits of information availability and easy access, it allows the state and military agencies to control society and introduce effective surveillance methods to monitor social processes and maintain social order Surveillance is achieved through different channels including business information and personal information. Companies are increasingly finding that, if they combine their information assets with those of other companies, the combined information resource is considerably more useful to all sides: two and two, in this instance, can make a lot more than four. Put together a social security or tax database with another database of people who owe debts and you have a means of tracking individual debtors over long periods of time and collecting the debt from them when they finally have the money to repay it (a process known as debt surveillance and already being offered by some companies) (Lister 2003). This is the virtual equivalent of the synergies that merging companies have traditionally sought, and its compelling economics mean that companies in the future are more probably going to be looking for ways to combine their information with others than looking to maintain the conventiona l barriers between industries (Green 1999). It is inconceivable that the government would launch electronic services in anything other than a partnership with the private sector. It is, therefore, necessary to take the perspective of the IT supply industry into account. This is an industry looking at a big prospective market. They will be making comparisons with other market sectors and, given the multinational nature of the players in the industry, with developments in other countries (Lievrouw and Livingstone 2005). For the industry, the issues will be associated with the speed of market growth, their likely market share, the level of initial pump-priming investment they will be expected to make, and with their ability to deliver the agenda set by government. For electronic government, as for most other services, it is possible to identify three main groups of player: the users or recipients of the service, the providers, and the wider society or community within which the service is offered. Each of these, however, may have important sub-groups that need to be taken into account. Before attempting to measure the impact of electronic government, it would, therefore, be necessary to identify the different players, to establish what they will use as benchmarks and points of comparison and to explore what, for them, are the important issues that need to be considered in any assessment of impact (Lister 2003). Surveillance is achieved through control of circulation of information and news available in the internet and in mass media. Sales of national, regional and local newspapers have been falling in the many countries for a number of years. They were falling before the Internet and the World

Macroeconomices Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Macroeconomices - Research Proposal Example Apparently, the simplicity of the underpinnings of economics benchmarked overlooking its significance in the intensified global market activities. All and sundry has anticipations concerning economic depression, but, accepted mitigations for that depression are determined by fluctuations in comprehensive demand. Surveillance about economic depression began about 1929. Snowdon and Vane (2) mentioned Aldcroft (1993) and Romer (1993) who did a study on the economic conditions of the country. They discovered that somewhere between the years 1929 and 1932; the United States economy saw a dip in its business output. This was reflected in the Gross Domestic Product report, hand in hand with the sharp rise in unemployment. As Aldcroft and Romer study revealed, probably most people were not aware that trade and industry productivity degenerated; unemployment rose and contributed to the economic downturn. Economic depression depends on unseen margins, and those boundaries move with productivity and employment in the economy (Snowdon and Vane 2). So that the economic situation may get better or worst, depending on the nations leadership to move forward or be diffident. Snowdon and Vane supposed John Maynard Keynes in 1936 was right in his theory of employment, interest, and money. Further they said: â€Å"The implication of Keynes analysis was that government intervention, in the form of discretionary fiscal and monetary policy, could help correct such aggregate instability and stabilize the economy at full employment† (Snowdon and Vane 2). In a scenario where economic stability is lower than probable gross domestic product, it is most likely that consumers spend less (Baumol and Blinder, 588), because in reality they really do not have anything to be spent on either goods or services despite needs. Otherwise, investment spending is weak, despite

Analytical essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analytical - Essay Example What remains in her mind is the illusion that her father is still alive and has the control over her. At one event with the townpeople, she even told them that his father is alive and kicking. "Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead...Just as they were about to resort to law and force, she broke down, and they buried their father quickly." (Brooks and Warren,1959) The death of her father, although it creates a terrible anguish in her heart give her the signal to exercise her freedom. Thirty years later when she met Homer Barron---the love of her life. As the reader is told, Miss Emily was loved by many men of the town. Therefore it is not surprising that a man like Homer would fell in love with Emily. On the other hand, her only desire is to find infinite happiness in life and he found it within this man. In short, the two get married. Her decision to settle down was good enough for she knows no one can control her. The relationship could be somewhat strange but the revelation that she kills her husband is not so surprising. The fact that she suffers from severe trauma and mental insanity , she could commit such criminal act. Her acceptance of illusion and denial of reality only shows that she is out of her mind. Even until her death, anguish and suffering still remains. "After Miss Emily died, the townpeople had to go remove her body. The unsuspecting thing that happened in her house was that she had been sleeping with Homers old decayed body for many years. Even after she kills Homer Barron, she sleeps with his corpse - something that did not bother her at all." (Death As Central Theme In "A Rose for Emily".) Faulkner wants his readers to understand that Emilys life is like a rose. A rose, particularly a red rose can represent many things such as love or hatred. Her relationship with her father and her lover can be compared to a red rose. She loves her father so

Macroeconomices Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Macroeconomices - Research Proposal Example Apparently, the simplicity of the underpinnings of economics benchmarked overlooking its significance in the intensified global market activities. All and sundry has anticipations concerning economic depression, but, accepted mitigations for that depression are determined by fluctuations in comprehensive demand. Surveillance about economic depression began about 1929. Snowdon and Vane (2) mentioned Aldcroft (1993) and Romer (1993) who did a study on the economic conditions of the country. They discovered that somewhere between the years 1929 and 1932; the United States economy saw a dip in its business output. This was reflected in the Gross Domestic Product report, hand in hand with the sharp rise in unemployment. As Aldcroft and Romer study revealed, probably most people were not aware that trade and industry productivity degenerated; unemployment rose and contributed to the economic downturn. Economic depression depends on unseen margins, and those boundaries move with productivity and employment in the economy (Snowdon and Vane 2). So that the economic situation may get better or worst, depending on the nations leadership to move forward or be diffident. Snowdon and Vane supposed John Maynard Keynes in 1936 was right in his theory of employment, interest, and money. Further they said: â€Å"The implication of Keynes analysis was that government intervention, in the form of discretionary fiscal and monetary policy, could help correct such aggregate instability and stabilize the economy at full employment† (Snowdon and Vane 2). In a scenario where economic stability is lower than probable gross domestic product, it is most likely that consumers spend less (Baumol and Blinder, 588), because in reality they really do not have anything to be spent on either goods or services despite needs. Otherwise, investment spending is weak, despite

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example In fact, the scope of literature does not include data that is relevant for all the businesses and touches the dilemma between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ solely within corporate management. Thus, the given essay can serve as a background for further researches on this topic that will investigate this problem in different business environments. To start with, the notion of ‘good’ manager needs clarification, since this topic is problematic to date. In this context, the fact that capitalism serves as a preliminary condition of contemporary corporations’ appearance leads to the misunderstanding between ‘good’ management and ‘bad’ ethics. In capitalist framework, the very establishment of enterprise is self-regulatory enough to be good for the society. As a result, no significant attention was paid to the analysis of business in ethical terms in the context of early capitalist development. Because of this, ambiguity between et hics and profit appears nowadays. In Smith’s words, ‘No regulation of commerce can increase the quantity of industry in any society beyond that capital can maintain†¦ And it is by no means certain that this artificial direction is likely to be more advantageous to the society than that into which it would have gone of its own accord†¦ The study of his [every individual] own advantage naturally, or rather necessarily leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to the society.’ In the given passage, it is hard to measure the difference between the choice motivated by profit means and by public good. In this context, personal motivation has crucial role; moreover, the level of publicity and acknowledgment of social needs define the ethical behavior in modern times (Trevià ±o and Nelson 2011: 323).

Cormac McCarthy’s The Road Essay Example for Free

Cormac McCarthy’s The Road Essay Life can be cruel.   In most cases, it squeezes the hell out of us.   Nevertheless, the challenge is to come out unscathed.   But do we always achieve this?   And if so, what do we get out of every excruciating pain we have to endure?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The road to recovery has so many twists and turns.   It is a test of strength but more so of faith.   It is about believing in something we do not even see.   The kind of person we become out of life’s most ultimate test defines who we are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How many of us could actually say that living life is a breeze?   Who have not known pain?   Who can claim that life was pure pleasure?   Who has never cried a tear?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All of us have been tested by time at one time or the other.   We have been bitten by its pangs a couple of times over.   We have been bloodied at countless instances.   We have cried a pail full of tears.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, we continue to breathe.   The sun sets and rises every single day of our lives.   We battle it out today for tomorrow has a challenge of its own.   We have to gain as much strength as we have lost or if possible, much greater.   This is all because pain will not die at the end of day.   Most probably, it will wake up the same morning we open our eyes from sleep. Throughout the course of our life’s struggle we do not usually travel alone.   Someone keeps us company.   Even just for a while, we journey life’s path with a companion.   It makes the burden a lot easier and even more meaningful.   We are reminded that life after all is about building relationships that sees us through the most trying of times. Life gives us people to guide and accompany us as we thread down the road.   Sometimes they live long enough to witness our feat.   But usually they do not.   Nevertheless, they serve their purpose. They provide comfort whenever we are afraid.   They wipe our tears dry and lull us to sleep to regain lost strength.   They give us hope in the most miserable of circumstances.   They teach us to see another day as a chance to turn things around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When every one else have left, who do we turn to?   When the material wealth we have is none, how can we move on?   When fate turns against us, what is the chance for survival?   When it seems to be the world versus one man, is success hiding beneath the clouds of doubt? Whenever life robs us of our possessions, may we find comfort in knowing that we have not lost it all.   Our family will remain to be the wealth exclusively our own.   Neither fate nor circumstance can take it away from us.   It is something ours, and ours alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A father’s love can be the only thing that can make us possibly walk another mile.   It could ease the pain in our hearts knowing that someone is guiding us through.   Whenever doubt seems to restrict every movement we make, let us be reminded that our father’s strength runs through our veins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story about a father and a son is not uncommon for many of us.   Universal as a literary theme is its message.   It transcends age, culture, race and tradition.   It speaks a language known by all.   It is something that lives and outlives generations and beyond.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A father and son’s story is about strength.   It is about keeping tears from falling even if you just wanted to succumb and cry.   It is about learning to be a man as fate continues to challenge his ability to remain brave and undefeated. Nothing can be more painful than seeing death happen right through our very eyes.   Nothing can be more frightening than the thought that the next victim could possibly be me.   Nothing can be more frustrating than realizing that tomorrow will just be like any other day of violence and death.   Nothing can be much harder than believing that things happen for a reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How can we possibly live when life on earth seems to be empty, both literally and figuratively?   We all know that it would not always be a bed of roses.   But why does it seem to be usually a bed of thorns?   How much pain can a man endure?   What is the real essence of suffering?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cormac McCarthy’s novel entitled The Road, is dedicated to his son, John Francis McCarthy. The novel a finalist of the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction and a recipient of both the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and the Pulitzer Price for fiction unfolds the journey of a man and a boy across a post – apocalyptic panorama.   The background signifies what was left after a great cataclysm made existence on this earth almost unheard of (McCarthy, 2006). Whoever said that life must go on may not know of a lot about surviving death.   Whenever we witness death, it feels like a part of us has also stopped breathing.   It leaves us numb and unaware that the world around us continues to run its course. Life must go on indeed.   This statement must be true after all.   No matter how hard and how unimaginable it may seem we are all compelled to do it just the same.   We cannot pause for a moment and recollect our lost selves before anything else.   Time passes by and once lost, it can never be regained.   Sometimes, we just got to keep on moving no matter what.   Move on and go on and trust that life may lead us to rest right when we need it the most. Death should remind us that life is lived just once.   We may not be able to control what lies on the bend of the road, but we still have to thread it, nevertheless.   Death reminds us that we have to give meaning to our existence.   This is the challenge we all have to face. In the dark tunnel of death, life is the light at the end of it.   It may be seen as a symbol of a cycle.   Every end can be the start of something new.   For every chapter of life that has been told precedes another story yet to unfold. This is but the cycle of life.   It is a never ending story about life and death.   More importantly, it is a challenge of living a life of worth to make death as important.   For death could mean something only if the life lost left a void. There may be times when giving up is all too tempting.   Enduring the most painful events of life is really too exhausting.   These are the moments when we beg of death.   These are the times when life appears to be worthless.   We are sometimes too consumed by pain that we seem to believe that life is hell on earth. Life does not come without pain.   Every once in a while or sometimes a little too often pain is thrown on our way.   Whenever it does, it reminds us that we are very much alive.   It makes us feel so human.   It makes things so real.   The sweetness of pain lies on our ability to bear its bitterness. Even so, life may not really be all about pain and suffering.   We can surely get some sweetness from it when we squeeze it dry.   There is some kind of balance in the world we live in.   Goodness surely lies on some corner.   It may take time and a lot of effort in between, but it is there as it has always been. The most challenging of all circumstances teaches a lesson or two.   Things happen not to make man resolve into thinking that life is a crazy game of pessimism.   While there is ruthlessness, there is goodness. Goodness comes in the most unexpected of packages.   It comes during the most unanticipated of times.   It comes when we have almost given up.   It comes at just the right moment to remind us that it was worth it to hold on. Holding on is oftentimes the only thing left to do.   It may not be the most logical but it could possibly be the most practical.   Some people come into our lives and quietly go but they leave us a message that speaks so clear and sound.   It is from strangers that we gain the wisdom we would not have otherwise known. And this could be the beauty of life.   That after all the pain, we may be able to smile again.   Just when we thought that we can never know life to be kind, someone teaches us the value of optimism.   When gravity seems to pull us down while trying to hold on with all our might, a helping hand extends for the taking. Just when we get so near the end of our rope, let us find comfort that someone is at the other end to take over.     Ã‚  They pull us through when we might have lost all the strength that is left.   They are once a stranger we crossed paths with.   But before the road takes us to yet another bend, each other are no more strangers.   For that walk we shared has left some of the most important lessons we can never forget. Life is hard but we are tougher.   It can take away everything but we can always leave some bit of hope deep inside our hearts.   We may not have anymore tears left to cry.   We may be left with broken bones and battered ego.   But if we continue to struggle along the road and combat every imaginable obstacle there is, we can still be hailed victors of the finest kind. May we not lose hope on the promise of yet another sunrise no matter how painful life has made known itself to man.   Life takes on a whole new meaning when it is lived not for thy self.   A life lived in this way is noble in all the ways that matter. References BBC.co.uk. (2007, April 17). Novelist McCarthy wins Pulitzer. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6563291.stm Chabon, M. The New York Review of Books. (2007, February 15). After the Apocalypse. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/19856. Conlon, M. Reuters. (2007, June 5). Writer Cormac McCarthy confides in Oprah Winfrey. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN0526436120070605?pageNumber=1. Empire. (2007, April 2). John Hillcoat Hits The Road An adaptation of Cormac McCarthy’s novel. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=20573. Guardian.co.uk. (2007, October 30). Civilisation ends with a shutdown of human concern.   Are we there already? Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,2201594,00.html. Jones, M. (2006). On the Lost Highway. Newsweek. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://services.newsweek.com//search.aspx?offset=0pageSize=10sortField=pu bdatetimesortDirection=descendingmode=summaryq=on+the+lost+highway site-search-submit.x=33site-search-submit.y=7 Keller, J. (2007). Oprah’s selection a real shocker; Winfrey, McCarthy strange bookfellows. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1246151131.html?dids=12461 51131:1246151131FMT=ABSFMTS=ABS:FTtype=currentdate=Mar+29 %2C+2007author=Julia+Kellerpub=Chicago+Tribuneedition=startpage=1 desc=Oprah%27s+selection+a+real+shocker+. Kennedy, W. (2001). Left Behind. The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/books/review/Kennedy.t.html?ex=1189396800en=6d113b5a5cbaf19bei=5070 McCarthy, C. (2006). The Road. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. National Book Critics Circle. (2006). NBCC Awards Finalists. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.bookcritics.org/?go=finalists

Importance of Social Interaction in Childcare Environment

Importance of Social Interaction in Childcare Environment The childcare centre I am attached is well organised with wide pathways. They can move freely from one place to another. In this way, this provides opportunities for the children to interact with their peers with the sufficient places. Along the corridors, there are no obstacles blocking their way and is danger free. Toys, books and stationaries are placed in lower cupboards whereby the children are able to reach for them so they feel independent and competent so they will less likely to disturb their friends. The classrooms have quite a number of low shelves and dividers to divide the spaces out for different kinds of activities carried out by the teachers. In the dramatic play corner, there are insufficient materials for the children to play. Therefore, there will always have friction to argue who should play which toys. In order to prevent such things from happening again, the school should ensure there are enough toys provided in the dramatic corner to allow the children to play in a purposeful manner. They should also limit the number of children going in to dramatic play corner to ensure that the toys in there are sufficient for the allowed number of children. This would then discourage negative behaviour in the children where they have to fight over for the toys. Children participating in cooperative activities are less likely to behave aggressively and more cooperative even during unstructured times. The classrooms mark the boundaries clearly by placing mats around the floor, this allows children to be able to focus and concentrate more on the activities that they are engaged. When the children are having some quiet activities like reading and writing, they should be located away from classrooms where children are more likely to be more active and noisy. In this way, they can concentrate better in their activities. Social context is a framework that shows us what kinds of attitudes and behaviours are expected, accepted and valued in a setting. Sense of community consists of cohesiveness, friendliness and cooperation. Children participating in cooperative activities in class are less likely to behave aggressively and be more cooperative even during unstructured times. (Kaiser, B. Raminsky, J. S. (2010) Cooperative activities purpose is that all the children will benefit and they success as a whole class. For example, the teacher can plan do outdoor activities like passing around the hoola hoops. All the children need to form a circle and holding each other hand. A hoola hoop is placed at the arms of two children. The challenging part of this game is that the children cannot let go of each other hand when passing the hoop around the circle. As teachers, we have to be their role model. It is important that we speak to the children nicely instead of shouting. Therefore, this would help to build a positive social climate, hence children will less likely to show challenging behaviours. We must be a good role model for the children as they would tend to follow what we do, thus we have to be cautious of our own body language and actions that we do in class. This is to instill core values in them and also to create positive social climate. We have to be caring towards the children and try to become their friends. This will make the children close to us as they start to believe and trust in us. Having more group works than individual work, this would encourage the children to have more interaction with other classmates. Children need to make friends so that they will not show challenging behaviours. We only teach when the children are calm down. This is because they would not be able to listen to us when they are not calm. During the class-running this is what I observed. The theme for that day was on garden. During art and craft lesson, the children were given a piece of paper of vegetable salad each. They were instructed to do colouring, cutting and pasting. They are independent enough to do this activity by themselves. Next, they had their science lesson. The teacher used National Geographic Young Explorer magazine to teach them. The magazine was about tomatoes. The children had their tasting session whereby the teacher would prepare some tomatoes for them to taste. After the tasting session, they write their reflection about the experience of eating tomatoes on their journal. In their journal, they wrote about â€Å"How was the texture?†, â€Å"How did it taste?†, â€Å"Did you like eating it?† and draw your tomato plant. I find that the tasting session is very successful. The teacher made sure that the children were not rowdy during the lesson. The tasting session made the lesson very interesting and fun. Children were able to learn and play at the same time. Another successful was teaching using National Geographic Young Explorer magazine. Children could absorb a lot of information at young age. They were exposed to different things and this will help them greatly in the future. The classroom rules are raise hand to speak, talk softly, clean up eating area after meal time and put things back to their original place. I think this is successful in somewhere, but it is also unsuccessful too. It is unsuccessful because young children do not talk softly in class. They tend to talk a bit louder and during lesson, they just talked whenever they want. They would not raise up their hands to speak. However, it is successful because they were taught to put things in the correct place at young age, thus this would let them know that no one will help them to clear things up after used. They were also required to tidy up the eating area after their meal time. This became their habit to do it. In small group, there are a lot of movement and talking among the children. They would be very engaged in the activities. This enhanced their motivation and having more involvement in learning. They will also be energized and motivated to complete the task. Group discussion can help to increase interaction with different races. Children should respect each other races and religion and not being racist against them. The teacher in the childcare entre that I was attached planned creative arts. The teacher cut different shapes of the potatoes, then she divided the class into small groups. In each group, there must be different races and genders. The children chose the different shapes of potatoes and dipped into the different colours of paints onto their paper. The children was very enthusiasms towards this activity. Through this activities, the children can learn through play. Through group discussion, they can develop greater communication skill with their peers as they can voice out their ideas across to their classmates. Children contribute to one another’s learning by helping, supporting, encouraging, motivating and praising each other’s work. For example, when the teacher is busy teaching one child who has difficulties in their work, she is unable to attend to another child who also has problem with the assignment. Therefore, she can ask the other children who have finish their work to help the child. In large group discussion, all the children gather together in front for the same activities. This gives the children to recognize their classmates. Whole group times for young children include such activities as dramatic play, outdoor play and brainstorming. In the childcare centre that I am attached to, the classroom has a dramatic play corner to role playing. They have different types of themes like bakery shop and doctor’s clinic. The children take turns to play the different roles. These activities encourage social interaction with peers.

Crop Rotation and Soil Sustainability Essay -- Agriculture Farming Pap

Crop Rotation and Soil Sustainability Agriculture is responsible for providing food for an ever-growing population, and as it becomes clear that yields cannot continue to rise without limit, sustainability of agricultural practices becomes an increasingly important question. The soil is a precious resource in which all of agriculture has its base, and careful management of this complex system is essential. Crop rotation is one of the most important management practices in a sustainable agriculture system, both as a means of conserving soil and of maintaining its fertility. "A well-thought-out crop rotation is worth seventy-five percent of everything else that might be done, including fertilization, tillage, and pest control" according to The New Organic Grower (Coleman, 1989, p. 50). Crop rotation is by no means confined exclusively to organic farming, although much of what is considered in planning a rotation sequence encompasses the concerns of the organic farmer. The difference is primarily one of sustainability. "The organic farmer is essentially turning part of his potential income into renewal of the soil (by adding organic matter) in order to assure sustainability of future crop production. The conventional system maximizes present income and is not as concerned about viewing soil as a long-term investment" (Poincelot, 1986, p.23). A varied sequence of crops provides benefits that a monoculture cannot. A monoculture is an unnatural system; the relationship between soil, plants, and climate is designed to be balanced by diversity. A carefully planned rotation that considers as many aspects of this relationship as possible is a significant step toward establishing sustainability. Although not all the effects of rotatio... ...ress, 245 p. Lal, R., A.A. Mahboubi, N.R. Falsey, 1994, Long-Term Tillage and Rotation Effects on Properties of a Central Ohio Soil: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58: 517-522. Loomis, R.S. and D.J. Connor, 1992, Crop Ecology: Productivity and Management in Agricultural Systems: New York, Cambridge University Press, 538 p. Meek, B.D., D.L. Carter, D.T.Westermann, R.E. Peckenpaugh, 1994, Root-Zone Mineral Nitrogen Changes as Affected by Crop Sequence and Tillage: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58: 1464-1469. Meek, B.D., D.L. Carter, D.T. Westermann, J.L. Wright, R.E. Peckenpaugh, 1995, Nitrate Leaching Under Furrow Irrigation as Affected by Crop Sequence and Tillage: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59: 204-210. Poincelot, Raymond C., 1986, Toward a More Sustainable Agriculture: Westport CT, AVI Publishing Co. Inc., 241 p.

Card Game Essay

The study was commenced inside the Computer Shop at Dasmarinas, Cavite. After we discussed our first topic we planned to come up with a Card Game as our second topic for the sake of our thesis project in Software Engineer Subject. We picked Card Game as our second topic because we feel that it’s more challenging rather than hunting some companies around Dasmarinas. Some of the reasons why we picked Card Game as our second topic are because in this topic we own our time performing the codes of the program any time before the day of our defence without such pressure. Statement of the Problem From some of the research and data we gathered. We found a few application and websites that is running a similar online game like our propose topic. From what we’ve seen some major problem that they have is that the game is not quite user friendly. It’s difficult to use the control. Because of the lack of visual control buttons. There is also limitation on how many game can it accommodates at the same time. Of course keeping the gamers idle for so long they might lose interest in the game Research Objectives The Objectives of this research is to develop a game that will be entertaining and at the same time, a game that will be educational that may enhance thinking and decision-making skill in the following ways: * To make unique cards in the game that will allow diversity for the players to think of their own strategy. * To ensure that players will have no advantage against each other by making cards balance. * To allow multiplayer (online) for players to play against each other in different parts of the world. Significance of the Study Cardfight vanguard is a trading card game there are also people who wants to experience playing this game but doesn’t have the luxury of buying the needed cards and also looking for people to play with. Since people now are more often browsing the internet people who want to play Vanguard can play the game without buying the necessary cards needed and having to worry of looking for someone to play with. Conceptual Framework * PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. * Randomized * Easy access * Less hassle Electronic Trading Card Game The model above explains on what and how will be the process of the study. Trading Card Game is a game played using specially designed sets of playing cards. While trading cards have been around for longer, TCGs (Trading Card Games) combine the appeal of collecting with strategicgameplay, but in our study we will do it in a different way by using PHP Hypertext Pre-processor as our scripting language for this study and for our main function for this logical game is the random() function. The researchers will assure an easy access program for the user and it lessens hassle because rather than bringing your deck of cards using your bare hands, just bring your portable computer and start playing the game on your most comfortable place.

Giraffe Project Award Essay

Joseph Nicholas, 61, a former tribal council r and state preventative, and David Francis, 70, a former clam digger, woodchopper an d blueberry picker, went out of their way to help prevent a language who's already in a severe case e Of extinction. Joseph and David both provide acts out of caring. They are teaching the child en of Amine's Pusillanimous Indian Tribe how to learn a new language, which in t his case, is new to the children but very old to them. The language Pusillanimous is New Engle end's last living Indian language.They should teach this language to help preserve greater ext .NET of it's extinction. Joseph and David are willing to take on significant personal risk. Francis gather RSI words and phrases for a second edition Of the Pusillanimous dictionary. According g to him, if they â€Å"lose their language, they will lose their identity, its the last thing Indians have. † Joseph and David want Indian children to have and take pride in their own heritage.  "Our own kids had no sense of who we really were†. In general, culture and the languages we speak builds up our identity.A lot of people are, and would like to be even more proud of who the y are and where hey come from. Thanks to Joseph and David willing to take on significant per sonar risk, these Indian kids in that tribe will have something to take pride in, which was theirs from the beginning. The two also rock the boat to make thing better, and not more exciting. They are fighting back with special bilingual booklets, instructional videotapes, and classes. â€Å"Mind mans are always the lazy, bad guys in the history books,† says Nicholas. Being stereotyped is De finitely not something to be proud of.In general, nobody would want their race being poor rayed in a bad way, especially broadcasted in public or written in books. So, they're changing peoples minds by not only teaching the language, but by rocking the boat a little by taking that e extra step of fighting with public broadcastings that make their heritage look bad. David and Joseph are only working, teaching the children of Main?s Passim quoted Indian tribe currently. But, at the same time, they are also gathering terms for a second edition of the Pusillanimous dictionary. Believe that they are doing the best they can to preserve this old language, one step at a time.Candidates Joseph Nicholas and David Francis should definitely win the Giraffe e Award. They've proven themselves to go above and beyond of just helping preserve a n extinct language. They have acts out of caring by teaching and Indian Tribe a new Ian gauge, rocked the boat to make thing better by fighting with broadcasted negativity towards thee r heritage, and they took significant personal risk by by gathering words and phrases in trying to make a second edition of the Pusillanimous dictionary. Without fail, they've stolen my vote fairly.

Big Time Toymaker V. Chou Essay

1. At what point, if ever, did the parties have a contract? I believe that there were two contracts made in this scenario. The first one was the verbal contract that sated that the stipulations of price and the fact that there needed to be a written contract before distributing the product. The email, since it was in writing can also count as a written contract; both parties had knowledge that there would be some sort of written agreement. Chou was in the right to think that the email stating the key terms and agreements counts as a contract. 2. What facts may weigh in favor of or against Chou in terms of the parties’ objective intent to contract? The facts that Chou was in a verbal agreement with BTT will be helpful in proving that they had a preliminary agreement pending a written one. The fact that an email was sent to him with all the key terms, price, time frames and obligations is also helpful in proving that Chou had a valid agreement with BTT. I believe that that email would count as a binding contract since both parties had a promise pending performances. This was a mutual assessment in which there was an offer by BTT and an acceptance by Chou. 3. Does the fact that the parties were communicating by e-mail have any impact on your analysis in Questions 1 and 2 (above)? In a way it does because when I think of an agreement I think of it as a written and signed agreement by both parties. However BTT did not specify in what kind of writing this contract needed to be. They did not specify if there was need to sign, notified or have witnesses for the contract. Email communication between two people describing the key terms of a contract and having both of them acknowledge the key terms to me serves a contract. While there was no signature, it had both parties’ names on it, it could be said that it was an E-signature. Also we have to keep in mind that the terms were also discussed verbally prior to the email being sent. 4. What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? I believe that this email communication meets the statute of frauds and the fact that it had the named of the people in business counts as a contract. There have been cases were the name at the end of an email counts as a signature, example Stevens v. Publicis, were the publicis won because the name of both parties were in the written emails. In this case both parties names are on the emails and that signaled both parties intent to do business. 5. Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake? Explain. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? I think that BTT might have a chance to void the contract under the doctrine of mistake because they can claim that Chou misunderstood the fact that the emails meant that he was able to go ahead and distribute the product, making it a bi ding contract. However it was clear that the email stated the facts of the contract and BTT did not specify that Chou should in fact continue to draft the contract for both parties to sign. I think that BTT would have a hard time voiding the contract under the doctrine of mistake. I think that fact there was no specification to how the contract would be written leaves a lot of vague results. BTT should have been more specific in their emails saying that Chou should still have to draft a contract agreement and that the email was not enough for the contract. In this scenario BTT would have a ch ance at voiding the contract. 6. Assuming, arguendo, that this e-mail does constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? The fact that BTT promised distribution rights to Chou pending an agreement counts as consideration. In this case, something of value was put on the line by both parties, entering them into an agreement to exchange mutual performances. In this case there was also a value that we can determine, and that was $25,000 paid to Chou in exchange for exclusive negotiation rights. I think that consideration was present in this agreement, making a valid contract. At the end of the scenario, BTT states that it is not interested in distributing Chou’s new strategy game, Strat. Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. In this scenario the remedies that would apply would be, compensatory damages because in this case Chou suffered a loss of potential profits that he would have made by his new game. It would also repay him as if BTT had not breached the contract. I think that if he could not claim compensatory damages then he would also be able to claim consequential damages because it states that it compensates the non-breaching party for foreseeable indirect loses. It also states that it involves a unique circumstance beyond the contract. In this case the contract BTT made was taken over by someone else who at the end did not want to do business with Chou. Restitution and Liquidated damages do not applied to this because there was no unjust enrichment by BTT due to the breach of contract. BTT and Chou did not agree to any damages ahead of time there fore liquidated damages does not apply.

Informed Consent in Medical Malpractice Research Paper

Informed Consent in Medical Malpractice - Research Paper Example A set of regulations that govern malpractice lawsuits differs from one state to another. Medical malpractice is not a different tort, instead, the tort of negligence. In this vein, elements of medical malpractice are not different from those of negligence. These are violation, causation, duty, and damages. They are normally framed in health jargon, but are similar to the four mentioned elements that apply to negligence. One of the vital aspects that come up in medical malpractice is that medical practitioners are regarded as individuals who should give very high levels of care than the normal layman. The standard of care reflects what is supposed to be undertaken with regard to the prevailing conditions. Health professionals are expected to render standards of care as would have done a reasonable health practitioner under similar conditions. Medical malpractice takes place when a health professional does not deliver duties to the degree that a plausible health professional would have rendered under the same conditions. If a qualified health specialist had taken the same method or treatment in question, under the same conditions, then medical malpractice would therefore not have taken place. Other specific aspects in medical malpractice entail errors in diagnosis, treatment matters, and difficulties in communication, prescription errors, and falls. For instance, if a medical officer fails to diagnose the plaintiff’s case in a desired way, then the medical officer may be said to have violated the standard of care he or she was supposed to have accorded the plaintiff. The standard of care to be used by health professionals is dictated to some degree, by reference to instructions and rules, state practice procedures, facility laws and methods, equipment literature, job explanation, health information and legal cases. A health provider must possess a suitable license failure of which may be evident enough that the health provider was

Utility Concerns in Choosing an Assessment Method Assignment

Utility Concerns in Choosing an Assessment Method - Assignment Example Over the course of a year, the total income from the selected employee is estimated at $16,000, so, the per week income from the selected 50 employees is estimated at [{($16,000/365)*7}*50] = $15342 (approx.). These calculations clarify the selection expenditure of Randy and other expenditures from the salary proceedings of selected employees (Heneman, & et. al., 2014). For recruiting employees for ice-cream shops, Randy formulated two different types of selection methods, such as, interview process and work sample process. According to Prof. Higgins, if Randy used interview for selection method of employees then its validity would be 0.30 or 30%. On the other hand, if he followed work sample method then its validity would be 0.50 or 50%. For this selection method, Randy was received 100 applications from applicants. He used both the selection process. Interview selection process cost $100 per applicant on the other hand; work sample process cost $150 per applicants. It clearly suggest that work sample method of selection was costly than the interview process. From the previous calculation part, it is eminent that Randy invested $10,000 for the interview purposes of the applicants, additionally, $15,000 for work sample process to select the applicants. The average score of each of the applicants was 0.80. In that basis, it is apparent that selected applicant was reasonably profitable for the shops. If Randy could use only one selection process for applicants, he should use the work sample process. According to Prof. Higgins, work sample method’s validity would be 0.50, which was better than interview process (Heneman, & et. al., 2014). The reason of this was as interview process had the validity of 0.30. Employees were the public face of organization, so betterment in growth of organization should come from the great group of

The Historical Foundation of Physical Education Essay

The Historical Foundation of Physical Education - Essay Example The Historical Foundation of Physical Education Take the idea of Allen Guttman, he described Modern Olympic Movement as weak and highly influenced by commercialism of today. According to him, there are major forces that drive the Olympic today and one of them is politics in sports. He further emphasized that Olympic Games are too complex, too prone to internal and external forces, and too appealing in different ways to vested interest groups global-wide. On the other hand, Robert Mechnikoff in his book had noticed minimal discrepancy for he focused his discussion on the historical and philosophical perspective of sports. For him, many people who have involved in sports seem to forget the value of building good character and healthy body. Many people today engaged in physical activities in order to acquire ideal body built and follow the norm of today’s gymnast enthusiasts. It is quite obvious that many people who are successful in their chosen sports have never been into college because of financial reason. Take for instance the Filipino boxing champ Manny Pacquiao who is a boxer since childhood. He gets into this sport because according to him, this is the only way he can do to support his poor family. A Mexican boxer Oscar Larios is also from a poor family who found fortune in the boxing arena. The wrestling superstar Batista on the other hand, became famous and financially successful; though, in his childhood, his family could not send him to college.

Negotiation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Negotiation plan - Essay Example (2005), sufficient preparation provide the opportunity to clearly describe the goals, recognition of core issues, understanding of parties involved and to assess the effectiveness of the strategies adopted for the negotiation. It is the successful preparation phase which ensures that delegation moves closer to the success as defined by the objectives of negotiation. Following is the preparation plan for negotiation of a Dairy Company XYZ with the employee union, the number of permanent and full time employees exceeds one hundred and all of them are members of this union. They approached the management with some demands and issues, several meetings were held and many issues were resolved but the parties still have differences on some of the crucial issues. Both the parties are eager to finalize the issues and differences in the upcoming meeting. As the leader of the delegation from the Dairy Company, I propose the following negotiation plan. Most of the issues including pay rates, classification structure, number o annual leaves, daily break for meal etc have been resolved in the previous meetings. Among five issues that require resolution in the next meeting include: The goal of the group is to achieve agreement on the three core issues including the life of the agreement, factors that will serve as basis for the increase in wages and hour’s roster. The union demands that the agreement should be for one year, wages should be increased according to the increase in the inflation and increase in the output from the beginning of the year 2011 to till date and roster hour should be set to 152 hours per four weeks cycle. The goals set by the group are to fix the agreement life for three years; wages should be increased with productivity rather than inflation and increase should be from the start of the agreement while the roaster hour should be flexible and company can change it on a notice of two days as compared to the five days demanded by the Union. The life

Reseach Paper on Chronic Diabetic Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reseach on Chronic Diabetic - Research Paper Example Type  2 diabetes was found to be controlled by providing medications. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are  chronic conditions which are not possible to be cured completely. It is characterized by disruptions in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and protein in the body (Bilotta, 2008, p.236). There are two primary forms of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes - If a person has Type 1 diabetes his body will not make insulin on its own. It occurs in any individual and is treated by taking dosage of insulin shots daily or by an insulin pump. The patients need to maintain a regulated diet plan. Type 2 diabetes – This is the commonest form of diabetes. If a patient suffers from Type 2 diabetes, his body will show resistance to insulin. Type 2 diabetes is semi curable in nature. It is often hereditary in nature and occurs mainly in people who are above 40. Type 2 diabetes can be treated with proper exercise and weight (National Kidney Foundation, 2007, p.4). Physical i nactivity or a sedentary lifestyle can also lead to Type 2 diabetes (STEWART, 2005, p.196). Pathophysiology and assessment of the disease Diabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes results from either insulin deficiency or the resistance to endogenous insulin. This deficiency in insulin compromises with the access of the body tissues to essential nutrients (Bilotta, 2008, p. 236). All forms of the disease increases the risk that can lead to long-term complications. These symptoms typically show after several years like almost after 10 to 20 years but it can be seen as the first form of the symptom in the patient who was otherwise not diagnosed before. The common symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue etc. The complications that can arise out of these symptoms include cardio vascular diseases, blindness or retinopathy, nephropathy, cognitive depression, hyperglycemia etc. While assessing the symptoms for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, the physicians can check for symptoms like frequent urination, dehydration, dry mucous membrane, rapid weight loss and increased hunger, nocturnal diarrhea and many more. For Type 1, the symptoms can be develop rapidly while for Type 2, it can be drawn by studying the family history, severe forms of viral infection etc. The physical symptoms seen in case of the diabetic patients can be in the form of changes seen in the legs and feet, muscle wasting, reduced reflexes in the deep tendons of the bones, cataract formation etc (Bilotta, 2008, p.237). Chronic Diabetes harming the kidneys in human body Diabetes can cause severe damage to the kidneys by damaging the blood vessels of the kidney. The filtering sections in the kidney are lined with minute blood vessels. With the passage of time, high sugar level found in the patient’s blood can make the blood vessels to turn narrow and thus clogged. Without getting enough blood, the kidneys tend to be damaged and albumin which is a protein made within the hum an body are passed through these filters which settle in the urine. This is a critical situation as this occurrence of albumin in the urine of the patient is not a very healthy condition (National Kidney Foundation, 2007, p.7). Kidney damage can also harm the nerves in the patient’s body. Nerves of the human body carry messages that are transmitted between the brain and the rest other parts of the body that also includes the urinary bladder.

Portlend Cancer Center Case Essay Example for Free

Portlend Cancer Center Case Essay The model calculates the NAL (or NPV) and IRR of the lease for both parties on the basis of relevant input data. The invoice price and lease rental payments must be the same for both parties, but the other input variables may be different for each party. The model also examines the differential profitability to the lessee between conventional and per procedure leases. The model consists of a complete base case analysisno changes need to be made to the existing MODEL-GENERATED DATA section. However, all values in the student version INPUT DATA section have been replaced with zeros. Thus, students must determine the appropriate input values and enter them into the model. These cells are colored red. When this is done, any error cells will be corrected and the base case solution will appear. Note that the model does not contain any risk analyses, so students will have to create their own if required by the case. Furthermore, students must create their own graphics (charts) as needed to present their results. Both instructor and student versions contains a sheet (Figure 1) that plots lessees NAL, lessors NPV, and total contract value versus the size of the lease payment.

Guccis Marketing Strategy

Guccis Marketing Strategy Critically contrast the key elements of Guccis marketing strategy to its closest competitor. Justify why you have chosen this company as Guccis closest competitor. Guccis focus on Heritage, craftsmanship and philanthropy: Prada a close competitor. With over 7,000 direct employees across the world, I believe we should all see ourselves as custodians of the Gucci brand—a brand that was here before all of us and one that will survive all of us. The long lasting values of the brand ultimately inform and guide every decision we make and they also inspire all of us along the way. -Patrizio di Marco: President and CEO, Gucci (Interbrand, 2009a) Renowned for its Italian craftsmanship, Gucci was founded in 1921 in Florence. ‘Over 90 years Gucci has built a heritage of exclusivity, attention over quality and style, the Made in Italy label, innovation and craftsmanship (PPR, 2010b, pp 46) and is one of the ‘worlds most desired luxury fashion brands (Nielsen Company, 2007). The Brand was highly successful in the 1950s as it became the status brand for Hollywood film stars and European royalty. However, by 1980s Gucci lost its appeal and significant losses were made in the business (Jackson and Haird, 2003). Domenico de Soles financial acumen and Tom Fords creativity transformed Gucci as a successful brand in the 1990s. In 1999 Pinault-Printemps-Redoute purchased the controlling stake and owned Gucci. With the departure of Tom Ford and De Sole, Frida Gianini took the control in 2005. Globalisation helps the evolving luxury market to expand. Factors like growing consumer expectations, clear brand positioning, pursuit for authenticity, exclusivity, differentiation contribute to intensify the competition between luxury brands with high ‘aspirational values (Baker and Sterenberg, 2003). Gucci is among the top 10 luxury brands considering brand value in the latest survey by Interbrand. In the array of luxury market Gucci competes with brands like Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Hermes, Prada, Burberry, Ferragamo, Dior, Dolce Gabbana, Versace, etc. Interbrand Leading Luxury Brands 2009 Rankings: The top 15 Luxury Brands. (Interbrand, 2009d) 2009 Rank 2008 Rank 2007 Rank Brand Country of Origin Sector 2008 Brand Value ($m) 2009 Brand Value ($m) Change in Brand Value in 2008 Change in Brand Valuein 2009 16 16 17 France Luxury 21,602 21,120 6% -2% 41 45 46 Italy Luxury 8,254 8,182 7% -1% 59 60 58 France Luxury 6,355 6,040 9% -5% 70 76 73 France Luxury 4,575 4,598 8% 1% 87 91 94 Italy Luxury 3,585 3,530 9% -2% 98 New United Kingdom Luxury 3,095 New* 99 New United States Luxury 3,094 New* Interbrand Best Global Brands rankings. (Interbrand, 2009d). In order to sustain in the competitive luxury market and define a clear brand positioning and maintain it, brands adopt innovative marketing strategies. The Marketing mix tools like the traditional 4 Ps: product, price, promotion and place along with recently added people, process and physical evidence propel the decisions in direction of the market success. Brands need to provide right product, at right price, in right place and at right promotion in order to match the consumer needs and demands. Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Hermes, Chanel, Prada are in close competition. In order to create an emotional attachment between brands and consumers, brands try to convey an image and personality that customer aspires to. Louis Vuitton has been a ‘byword for stylish elegance and sophistication (Louis vuitton, 2009). Gucci is perceived as smart, sexy, modern whereas Prada has an image of modern, trendy yet sophisticated. Chanel is very classic and elegant. Also, Chanel and Louis Vuitton were founded in France and Gucci and Prada in Italy. According to the Interbrand survey for Italys most valuable brands Gucci Ranked first (6,388 million euro) followed by Prada (2,775 million euro). Guccis pricing strategy in 1993 positioned itself below Hermes and Chanel and at par with Prada and Louis Vuitton (Kwak, 2001). Gucci and Pradas product lines include leather goods, ready-to-wear, jewellery, footwear, silks, timepieces, eyewear, skincare, home decor and fragrances. Louis Vuitton has the categories which Gucci has, although Louis Vuitton indulges even in writing instruments and textiles besides Chanel extends into sport accessories .Gucci products are sold in 283 directly operated stores at end of 2009 and in selected ‘departmental stores as well as specialist stores (PPR, 2010b). Intending to accelerate the growth of brand, Prada stated to double the number of directly operating stores in 2007. Considering Guccis 2009 revenue breakdown by geographical area, maximum revenue was from Asia- Pacific region while Europe which includes fashion forward London, Paris and Milan contribute almost equal to Japan. Breakdown of 2009 revenue by product category Breakdown of 2009 revenue by geographical area(PPR- Gucci: Gucci Group ,2010a) Gucci Chanel Prada Louis Vuitton Year of establishment 1921 1909 1913 1854 Country of origin Italy France Italy France Known for Leather goods Fashion and perfumes Leather goods Leather goods and Luggage bags Current Designer Frida Giannini Karl Lagerfeld Miuccia Prada Marc Jacob Product categories Ready-to-wear, canvas and leather goods, bags, footwear, fine jewellery, fragrances, eyewear, watches, travel and business bags, home dà ©cor , etc. Ready-to-wear, fragrances, make-up skincare, eyewear, hats, leather goods, sports accessories, fine jewellery, etc. Ready-to-wear, Nylon bags, leather goods, footwear, Fine jewellery, eyewear, fragrances, travel and luggage bags, Prada phones, etc Ready-to-wear, leather goods, travel bags, footwear, bags, eyewear, watches, writing instruments, home goods, textiles, city guides ,etc. Ad campaign theme Forever now , Spring Summer 2010 Spring Summer 2010= First Spring and lookbook Spring Summer 2010 Store locations Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America. Has 283 Directly operated stores. Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America, Oceania. Asia, Middle East, Far east, Europe, North America, South America. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America. Comparison of brands on basic criteria. Louis Vuitton and Chanels brand image differentiates them from Italian brands like Gucci and Prada which target towards a similar target market which is modern and fashion conscious. Gucci and Prada indulge into similar product lines and pricing levels getting them into closer competition. In 1990s during revamping the brand image of Gucci an important decision made was to develop a strategy expressing Gucci has changed. ‘Brand communication plays a vital role in redrawing the image (Jackson and Shaw, 2006). During the recession competitor brands are trying to be more distinctive. Chairman and CEO Gucci, Patrizio di Marco and his team adopted the strategy to strengthen and fine tune its positioning in the luxury goods market by focusing on its heritage and craftsmanship stressing on balanced brand equity in marketing and communication (PPR, 2010b). It also included cost cutting, adjustments to pricing, global store designs concept and structure simplification. As per Interbrands report 2009b, among global luxury brands, Prada spends highest in marketing and advertising and continued to invest more in social and cultural initiatives, brand extensions and communication. Important factors that help in building brand image. (Moore and Britwistle, 2005) Image no.1 : Louis vuitton spring summer 2010 Image no.2: Prada Lookbook 2010. (The Fashion time Magazine, 2010) (AMO, 2010) Image no.3 : Chanel Spring Summer 2010 Image no.4 : Gucci Spring Summer 2010 ad Ad campaign. campaign. (Bang Jaslyn, 2010) (Gucci, 2010a) Advertising which is guided by current market scenario and competitive environment, helps in communicating and building brand image as it creates powerful image and message to gain customers attention (Jackson and Shaw, 2009, pp.161). Luxury brands communicate their values and aura to the consumers to prove experience through images that operate on aesthetic and expressionist level (Salzer-Mà ¶rling and Strannegard, 2004). Visually stimulating Guccis Spring summer 2010 campaign focuses on sensuality with modernity and Pradas Lookbook 2010 displays uniqueness and creativity. Guccis Ad campaign ‘Forever now launched in 2010 depicts the importance of connecting past and present. The campaign uses images from 1950s focuses on heritage and craftsmanship. Gucci focusing on tradition introduced an Artisan Corner an event where houses skilled artists will travel to Guccis VIP stores where the craftsmanship will be brought to customers sight. Similarly, Pradas film ad campaign 2010 titled ‘First Spring shot by Chinese artist in Shanghai depicts the tension between the straight and gay tensions of silent intimacy (James, 2010). However, the black and white effect of the video takes us into flashback and it depicts that anything is possible in timeless and dreamlike realm. Louis Vuittons ad campaign is inspired from new age traveller, while Chanels countryside rural chic look ad campaign displays beauty and elegance. Image no. 5 : Guccis ‘Forever now ad campaign 2010(Gucci ,2010b) Image no. 6: Pradas 2010 ad campaign ‘First Spring. (Fashioning.com, 2010) Prada attempts to spread a social message to reduce tensions between straight and gay people. Also, Prada signed PETAs campaign in 2007 to ban cruelty against animals and eliminate fur usage from fashion. Gucci and UNICEF partnership began in 2005, since then Gucci consistently support education and healthcare programmes for orphans and HIV/AIDS affected children. Gucci embraces philanthropy taking new initiatives and ad campaigns to support the partnership like specially designed accessories collection, White Tattoo Heart collection (2008) featuring Rihanna in its campaign, Book ‘ Snowman in Africa, fundraising event with Madonna, ‘Gucci for UNICEF Baboushka bag etc. Professor John Fernie said ‘Alliance between charity n business is the perfect way to build brand awareness and establish brand credibility and ultimately boost profits, (McDougall, 2006). As metioned on philanthrpohy section of Guccis official website, Gucci in collaboration with the Film Foundation h as made travelling screening movie of the restored movies to save the treasures in cinemas called ‘Cinema Visionaries. Proceeding in 2010, to increase online presence and reach online customers, brands are delving into digital communication. Brand affiliation is aided by the application of appropriate functionality tools (Okonkwo, 2007). Focusing on innovation Gucci launched lifestyle application for iPhone and iPod touch. Guccis application offers access to products, fashion shows, playlists, city guides, news, ability to compose own music etc. Prada launched Prada phones in collaboration with LG in 2007. The LG designed Prada phone incorporates features like video player, high pixel camera and MP3 player. Chanel also has application on iPhone which shows Chanels runway collections. Image No. 7: Gucci application for iPhone. Image No. 8: LG designed Prada Phone. (Gucci news, 2010) (Mossesgeld, 2007) Luxury atmosphere, aesthetics and appealing luxury stores reflect the brand personality and spread the brand message into the subconscious and psychological levels on a consumer mind (Okonkwo, 2007). Following the strategic concept of global store design by Creative Director Frida Giannini ,Gucci is renovating its stores to embrace the luxurious experience of shopping which complements the brands heritage and exclusivity. In October, 2009 Gucci launched a travelling sneaker store in New York which will later move to London and Tokyo in spring 2010. Similarly proving its exclusiveness, Prada took a radical approach towards the store architecture through Prada Epicenter which communicates a distinct identity into customers mind which is in quest for something new. Image no. 9: Gucci Sloane street, London Store renovated under the Global store design concept. (WallPaper, 2010) Image no.10: Prada Epicenter (Herzog de Muron,2003). [Accessed on 14 November 2009] With Economic downturn, it is highly important for brands to provide distinctive experience to consumers. Brands are striving to create a brand image congruent to the customers image (Aaker and Biehl, 1993) and meet customer needs and demands. Gucci has adopted the strategy to be true to its long lasting values and expand its presence, tune its brand image and positioning by emphasising on the rich 90 years history, heritage and core essence of the brand into its marketing and brand communication coinciding with ‘modernity and aspirational values (Gucci, 2010a). Brands like Prada are using tactful strategies focusing on parameters like timeless, authenticity, social values and culture. Louis Vuitton differentiates its customers through its brand image, brand values in terms of turnover and advertising. Chanel though is close to Gucci considering turnover it targets a more elegant, sophisticated target. Hence, Prada is the closest competitor to Gucci by comparing them on brand c ommunication like advertising, philanthropy and an attempt to standout in the terms of store designs. REFERANCES : Aaker, D. (1991), Managing Brand Equity, The Free Press, New York, NY. Aaker, D. and Biehl A. 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